September 2019 – Maker Projects

Arduino WLAN RC Transmitter

Der Open Source Arduino Sketch arduinodtx implementiert die Bedieneroberfläche und die Bedienelemente für einen leistungsfähigen Modellfernsteuerungssender mit einem seriellen Kommandoausgang (PiKoder/SSC kompatibel). Für die Kommandoübertragung zum PiKoder wird ein transparenter serieller Kommunikationskanal benötigt.

Soll WLAN als Übertragungsweg genutzt werden, dann kann ein solcher Kanal senderseitig mit einem ESP8266-01 Modul realisiert werden; als Empfänger kommt ein PiKoder/SSC wRX zum Einsatz.

In diesem Fall werden neben den Basiskomponenten wie Steuerknüppeln, Schalter, etc., die zum Aufbau des arduinodtx-basierten Fernsteuersenders erforderlich sind, ein Logic Level Umsetzer von 5 auf 3,3 Volt, zwei Jumper zur Umschaltung der seriellen Kommunikationsschnittstelle (UART-Multiplexer) und ein ESP8266-01 Modul benötigt wie im Beitragsbild dargestellt. Die Verdrahtung entnehmen Sie dem folgenden Schaltbild (die Signale mit gleicher Bezeichnung müssen verbunden werden, Signale in blauer Schrift sind mit den entsprechenden Arduino-Signalen zu verbinden):

Der Aufbau ist relativ einfach und sollte problemlos auf einem Prototyp-Board erfolgen können.

Im nächsten Schritt ist der ESP8266-01 als Access Point mit seriellem Ausgang zu programmieren – die Beschreibung hierzu finden Sie im Blog ESP8266-01 Sketch für den PiKoder/SSC wRX. Wollen Sie den ESP8266-01 im “eingesetzten Zustand” programmieren, dann müssen Sie die dargestellte Schaltung um einen Programmierteil erweitern:

Bitte beachten Sie auch die Jumperstellung für D0/D1. Zusätzlich sollte bei jeder direkten Kommunikation mit dem ESP8266-01 der Arduino “stillgelegt” werden (RESET Leitung auf GND legen), so dass die Datenübertragung nicht gestört wird.

Mit dem erfolgreichen Abschluss der Programmierung des ESP8266-01, dem Umstecken der Jumper, Aufwecken des Arduino und einem Reboot ist die Modellfernsteuerung betriebsbereit.

ESP8266-01 Sketch for the PiKoder/SSC wRX receiver

The PiKoder/SSC wRX uses the ESP8266-01 module configured as an Access Point (AP) to implement a transparent serial communication channel between a transmitter a PiKoder/SSC. The ESP8266-01 can be programmed as needed based on its default firmware by using respective AT commands. However, given the number of parameters used for the commands this approach is complex and rather error prone. In addition, the verification of the programming is difficult and mistakes very often require to re-flash the ESP8266.

It has turned out to be significantly easier to flash the ESP8266-01 with a dedicated sketch, which implements all the features required for the serial communication and offers an additional command interface for setting the AP parameters needed.

This sketch udpRC_ESP8266-01 is Open Source and is provided via github for download. The sketch will be compiled and uploaded to the ESP8266-01 via the Arduino IDE as described in the blog RC with your webbrowser.

The use of the re-programmed module is very simple and intuitive. After rebooting the sketch would check the non-volatile memory of the ESP8266 for a valid parameter set. If no parameters are found then the default values will be used. After rebooting the the Controller is ready to operate.

The screenshot shows the user interface and the available commends. After rebooting the ESP8266-01 sents a more or less unreadable stream of characters to indicate that it is ready.

Entering the command ‘$?<cr><lf>’ will echo the current parameter setting. The SSID of the AP would be changed with the command ‘$s=’ followed by <cr><lf> and for changing the password you would use ‘$p=’. The revised parameter will be stored right away but will only be applied after a reboot. You can always check the changed parameter settings with ‘$?<cr><lf>’.

Radio control with your webbrowser

If your rc model would offer an access point and run a webserver, then you could control your model with a webbrowser running on your smartphone – no matter whether this is a Windows or Android device or an iPhone.

The PiKoder/SSC wRX (see below) is well suited as a hardware platform for this concept: the ESP8266-01 offers the access point and runs the webserver, the PiKoder/SSC manages all realtime aspects of controlling the servos and the electronic speed control.

PiKoder/SSC wRX

The standard configuration of the PiKoder/SSC wRX requires the ESP8266-01 to act as a transparent bridge. Since we will be needing a webserver, we would have to flash this wifi controller with a new firmware. This can be easily accomplished by using the latest Arduino IDE which is supporting generic ESP8266 modules.

The new controller firmware is open source and would be available through the github repository makerprojects/httpRC. After downloading open the sketch in the Arduino IDE. At the beginning of the source code you will find the settings recommended for compiling the program. [Update December 27, 2018: The httpRC sketch has been completely revised and updated. Please check this blog for more details.]

In order to flash the ESP8266-01 you will need an USB-Serial converter, since the wifi module does not feature a USB port. Please keep in mind also, that the ESP8266 requires a supply voltage of 3,3 Volts – the board is not 5 V tolerant! The offering of USB-Serial converter offering a 3,3 Volt supply as well as 3,3 Volt signal level is limited; therefore it might be easier to use a converter with 5 V supply and 3,3 V signal level such as the PL2303TA readily available at ebay (shown below) and build your own converter from 5 V to 3,3 V.

USB-Serial connector

Since you would need a “reset” and “program” button for flashing the module you might consider to construct the little adapter shown below using a prototype board.

Programming adapter for the ESP8266-01

The schematic for the programming is shown below.

The conversion of the 5 V provided by the USB-Serial adapter to 3,3 V follows the design of the PiKoder/SSC wRX and requires a standard low drop voltage controller LF 33 CV ( please refer to the following excerpt of the PiKoder/SSC wRX schematic; the 5 V input would be to the left, the output is to the right).

Unfortunately the flashing of the ESP8266 does not start automatically as you might be used to when downloading a program into your Arduino but has to be initiated manually. You would push the RST and PROG button simultaneously and release the RST button while still holding the PROG button. After releasing the PROG button, the module would be in flash mode. Now you would start uploading the program. Now you would start uploading the program. Once the upload is complete your controller would require another reset prior to being operational. Once the upload is complete your controller would require another reset prior to being operational.